Bên cạnh PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI THẬT TASK 2 (dạng advantages & disadvantages) Some students work while studying. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend and give your opinion?NGÀY 04/8/2020 IELTS WRITING GENERAL MÁY TÍNH (kèm bài được sửa hs đi thi), IELTS TUTOR giới thiệu Refuting Backward Evolution: Đề thi thật IELTS LISTENING Section 4 (IELTS Listening Recent Actual Test)
I. Kiến thức liên quan
II. Refuting Backward Evolution: Đề thi thật IELTS LISTENING Section 4 (IELTS Listening Recent Actual Test)
Refuting Backward Evolution
Part 4: Questions 31 and 32
Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Backward Evolution Theory
- The idea that species can revert to an earlier evolutionary state
- This theory is widely (31)______by modern scientists
- Genetic studies show that (32)______mutations prevent such reversions
Questions 38-40
Choose TWO letters A-F.
Which TWO arguments are given against the backward evolution theory?
A. Lack of fossil evidence
B. Modern species are too complex
C. Evolution is a one-way process>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR
D. DNA analysis shows irreversible changes
E. The environment continuously changes
F. Early theories were based on assumptions
Questions 39 and 40
Choose the correct letter A, B, or C.
39. Why do genetic studies refute backward evolution?
A. They show a continuous accumulation of changes
B. They indicate random mutations
C. They highlight the complexity of modern organisms
40. What is one reason why backward evolution cannot occur?
A. Evolutionary paths are linear
B. Environmental factors are dynamic
C. Genetic diversity is too high
III. Đáp án Refuting Backward Evolution: Đề thi thật IELTS LISTENING Section 4 (IELTS Listening Recent Actual Test)
Answer Key:
31. refuted
32. random
33. introduction
34. questions
35. vote>> IELTS TUTOR có hướng dẫn kĩ PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI THẬT TASK 2 (dạng advantages & disadvantages) NGÀY 04/8/2020 IELTS WRITING GENERAL MÁY TÍNH (kèm bài được sửa hs đi thi)
36. three
37. reasons
38. C, D
39. A
40. B
IV. Transcript Refuting Backward Evolution: Đề thi thật IELTS LISTENING Section 4 (IELTS Listening Recent Actual Test)
Listening Script:
Lecturer:
Good morning everyone. Today, we are going to discuss a fascinating topic in evolutionary biology - the concept of backward evolution and why it is refuted by modern science.
First, let's clarify what backward evolution means. The idea suggests that species can revert to an earlier evolutionary state. However, this theory is widely refuted by modern scientists. Genetic studies show that random mutations prevent such reversions. The complexity of modern organisms is a result of continuous adaptation to their environments.
Now, let's delve deeper into the scientific basis for refuting backward evolution. One of the primary pieces of evidence comes from genetic studies. These studies have shown that the accumulation of genetic mutations over time leads to irreversible changes. Once a genetic mutation becomes fixed in a population, it cannot simply be undone. This concept aligns with the principle of molecular evolution, which suggests that mutations accumulate in a unidirectional manner, contributing to the increasing complexity of organisms. This accumulation of mutations also leads to the diversification of species, making it impossible for them to revert to an ancestral state.>> IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI 30/5/2020 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 (kèm bài sửa HS đạt 6.5)
Furthermore, the fossil record supports this argument. Fossils provide a chronological record of evolutionary changes, showing a clear progression of traits over time. There is no evidence in the fossil record of species reverting to an earlier form. Instead, we see a continuous adaptation to changing environments, with species evolving new traits to survive and thrive. This is consistent with the concept of evolutionary pressure, where environmental changes drive the development of new adaptations rather than a reversion to old ones.
To understand this better, a survey was conducted among students and faculty. The first part consisted of a comprehensive introduction where the basics of backward evolution were explained. Students listed any number of questions they had about their understanding of the topic. The consistent ideas were put to a vote. There were three main things mentioned repeatedly: misconceptions about evolutionary pathways, lack of awareness about genetic mutations, and the influence of environmental factors. Reasons for each of them will be discussed further in the coming sessions.
Another critical aspect to consider is the role of natural selection. Natural selection favors traits that enhance survival and reproduction. Once a trait is lost because it no longer provides a survival advantage, it is unlikely to reappear because the genetic information for that trait is often degraded or lost over generations. This further reinforces the idea that evolution is a forward-moving process, driven by the need to adapt to current conditions rather than reverting to past states.
Now, let's discuss the main arguments against the backward evolution theory. Two of the strongest arguments are that evolution is a one-way process, and DNA analysis shows irreversible changes. Additionally, the environment continuously changes, preventing species from reverting to an earlier state.
Lastly, genetic studies refute backward evolution because they show a continuous accumulation of changes. These studies indicate that evolutionary paths are not linear, and the dynamic nature of environmental factors plays a crucial role in shaping species. The complexity of modern organisms, shaped by millions of years of evolution, cannot be simply undone. This is why backward evolution remains a theoretical concept with no empirical evidence to support it.
That concludes today's lecture. In the next session, we will delve deeper into the genetic evidence that refutes the concept of backward evolution. Thank you for your attention.
Các khóa học IELTS online 1 kèm 1 - 100% cam kết đạt target 6.0 - 7.0 - 8.0 - Đảm bảo đầu ra - Thi không đạt, học lại FREE
>> Thành tích học sinh IELTS TUTOR với hàng ngàn feedback được cập nhật hàng ngày
