Bên cạnh Phân tích "Cyclists and car drivers today share the same road, and this can cause some problems. What are the problems? What can be done to reduce these problems?" (kèm bài được sửa của HS đạt 6.0 đi thi thật ngày 13/6/2020, IELTS cũng cung cấp Ethics In Engineering: Đề thi IELTS LISTENING (actual test) - Kèm đáp án, transcript & giải thích từ vựng
I. Kiến thức liên quan
II. Ethics In Engineering: Đề thi IELTS LISTENING (actual test)
Questions 31–40
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Ethics In Engineering
Ethics - principles relating to right and wrong conduct
- At first, engineers saw ethics as a 31.......................issue.
- Attitudes changed because of three disasters involving the collapse of 32.......................
- 1876 - USA (metal fatigue)
- 1879 - Scotland (the impact of 33.......................on the structure was miscalculated).
- 1907 - Canada (the structure could not support its own 34.......................).
Boston Molasses Disaster
- At the time, molasses was the main 35.......................used in the USA.
- Boston company: collapse of a 36.......................released 8 million liters of molasses.
- The wave of molasses destroyed buildings and the railway.
- Local residents insisted on a 37.......................of the molasses company.
- The company had to pay compensation.
- Probable causes of the accident:
- Insufficient 38.......................checks.
- Fermentation raised the 39.......................to a dangerous level.
- It is now obligatory for engineers to have a 40.......................>> IELTS TUTOR lưu ý: Bài sửa đề thi 22/8"Many companies nowadays sponsor sport as a way of advertising themselves. Some people think that it is good for the world of sport. Others say there are disadvantages. Discuss both view and give opinion"HS đi thi đạt 7.0 IELTS WRITING
III. Đáp án Ethics In Engineering: Đề thi IELTS LISTENING (actual test)
Part 4: Ethics in Engineering
31 Personal 32 Bridges 33 Wind 34 Weight 35 Sweetener 36 Tank 37 Trial 38 Safety 39 Pressure 40 Licence
IV. Transcript + giải thích từ vựng Ethics In Engineering: Đề thi IELTS LISTENING (actual test)
00:00
Today we're starting a series of lectures on ethics in engineering, that is, engineering principles relating to right and wrong conduct (hành vi đúng và sai), and the sorts of moral responsibilities (trách nhiệm đạo đức) that you will have to uphold (duy trì, tuân thủ) in your professional lives. I'm going to start by giving you a brief outline (tóm tắt ngắn gọn) of the history of ethics in engineering. It was of course only in the 19th century that engineering really emerged (xuất hiện, nổi lên) as a profession.
00:29
Initially, ethical issues were considered to be a personal matter (vấn đề cá nhân), something to be decided in accordance (phù hợp với) with one's own principles and values. However, things gradually changed as the profession grew and as engineering projects became larger and more complex (phức tạp). A need began to be felt (được cảm nhận) for a more codified (được hệ thống hóa) set of principles that all engineers would agree to follow.
00:57
Unfortunately, it took three major disasters (thảm họa lớn) to bring about this change in attitude. All three of these involved the collapse (sụp đổ) of bridges. The first, known as the Ashtabula River Railroad disaster, happened in 1876 in the USA, and we now think it was probably caused by metal fatigue (sự mỏi kim loại). Then in 1879, there was a second disaster, this time in Scotland.
01:25
This occurred because engineers had failed to correctly calculate (tính toán) the effects that wind would have on the structure. The third collapse (sụp đổ) occurred in 1907, in Canada. This was also due to an engineering design problem (vấn đề thiết kế). The weight of the structure was so great that it could not support itself (tự nâng đỡ), and it collapsed (sụp đổ). Public outcry (sự phản đối công khai mạnh mẽ) over disasters such as these
01:50
eventually led to the establishment of professional societies for engineers in most industrializing societies (các xã hội đang công nghiệp hóa). Another different type of disaster also had an impact on the development of professional engineering organizations, and I'd like to talk about this in a little more detail. This incident (sự kiện) which happened early in the 20th century, is known as the Boston Molasses Disaster.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR
02:18
At the time, molasses was used rather than sugar as the principal (chính, chủ yếu) sweetener in the USA. It was also used in the manufacture of a number of other important products (sản phẩm quan trọng). One company in the city of Boston had a large amount (số lượng lớn) of molasses waiting to be transferred to another factory. The molasses, more than 8 million liters of thick, sticky liquid, was stored in a tank. Suddenly this collapsed (sụp đổ).
02:48
Unleashing (giải phóng, tuôn trào) a wave of molasses up to five meters high. Nearby buildings were swept off their foundations (bị cuốn khỏi nền móng) and crashed to the ground. The wave also swept away (cuốn trôi) a considerable stretch of railway track. Many streets round the factory were covered with a thick layer of sticky brown molasses.
03:13
Local residents were furious (tức giận, phẫn nộ) as they felt that the company was to blame. They banded together and succeeded in bringing about a trial, charging the company with negligence (sự cẩu thả). After three years, the company was found responsible (chịu trách nhiệm) for the accident and required to pay out in damages (tiền bồi thường thiệt hại) the equivalent of six or seven million dollars in today's money. Even today.
03:39
No one is absolutely sure about the immediate causes (nguyên nhân trực tiếp) of the accident. However, it is certainly clear that not enough safety tests were carried out. Had these been done in accordance (phù hợp) with the standards now applicable, then the accident would almost certainly have been prevented (ngăn chặn). It seems that the collapse was probably brought about by fermentation (sự lên men) of the molasses, which led to an increase in pressure. This increase
04:08
probably exerted too much force against a fatigue crack (vết nứt do mỏi vật liệu) or some other weakness (điểm yếu). However, this was one of the main incidents which led to increased legislation (luật pháp) in the 1920s to regulate engineers and the engineering profession. It is the reason why we can now only operate if we have gained a license (giấy phép). This requires us always to be
04:35
conscientious (tận tâm, cẩn thận) about doing everything necessary to avoid disasters. However time-consuming or expensive this may sometimes seem. Let's move on now to another
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